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The MENA region has improved substantially, moving up two places from the least peaceful region in 2018. The Ukraine conflict is likely to reverse gains in Russia and Eurasia, which recorded the largest improvement on the GTI in 2021, followed by North America. It is possible that the threat of cyber terrorism will rise globally alongside the escalation of the Ukraine conflict. In addition to cyberattacks on the Ukraine, Russia has been credited with attacks on many other countries. Of serious concern are the knock-on effects of cyber terrorism to other countries. In the 2014 crisis, the country recorded 69 terrorist attacks. Ukraine is likely to see an uplift in terrorism.

The decline of Boko Haram contributed to Nigeria recording the second largest reduction in deaths from terrorism in 2021, with the number falling by 47% to 448. The success was largely driven by counter-insurgency operations against IS by Mozambican forces, with support from Rwanda and the Southern African Development Community.Īlso on a positive note, counter insurgency has significantly decreased Boko Haram’s activities, with the organisation recording only 64 attacks in 2021. Mozambique had the largest drop in terrorism deaths, falling by 82% to 93. The largest increase in terrorism was in Myanmar, where deaths rose 23 times from 24 to 521, followed by Niger, where deaths doubled, increasing from 257 in 2020 to 588 in 2021. Only 44 countries recorded a death from terrorism in 2021, compared to 55 countries in 2015. The ten countries most affected by terrorism are all in conflict zones. Conflict zones accounted for 97% of all deaths. The Index shows that terrorism is becoming increasingly concentrated, contracting into countries already suffering from violent conflict. The GTI uses a number of factors to calculate its score, including the number of incidences, fatalities, injuries and hostages, and combines it with conflict and socio-economic data to provide a holistic picture of terrorism. The annual Global Terrorism Index, now in its ninth year, is developed by leading international think tank the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP) and provides the most comprehensive resource on global terrorism trends. Adding to the complexity, many criminal organisations are representing themselves as Islamic insurgencies. Terrorism in the region is compounded by high population growth, lack of adequate water and food, climate change and weak governments. The Sahel has become the new epicentre of terrorism. Four of the ten countries with the largest increases in deaths from terrorism were also in sub-Saharan Africa: Niger, Mali, the DRC and Burkina Faso.įollowing military defeats in Syria and Iraq, IS shifted its attention to the Sahel, with deaths from terrorism rising ten times in the region since 2007. The Index highlights that terrorism remains a serious threat, with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for 48% of total global deaths from terrorism. The number of deaths has remained approximately the same for the last four years. Two thirds of countries recorded no attacks or deaths from terrorism – the best result since 2007 – while 86 countries recorded an improvement on their GTI score. In 2021, deaths from terrorism fell by 1.2% to 7,142, while attacks rose by 17%, highlighting that terrorism is becoming less lethal. LONDON, 2 March 2022: The 2022 Global Terrorism Index (GTI) reveals that despite an increase in attacks, the impact of terrorism continues to decline.

Terrorists are using more advanced technologies including drones, GPS systems and encrypted messaging services.There were five times more political attacks than religious attacks. In the West, politically motivated attacks overtook religious attacks, which declined by 82%.Terrorism has become more concentrated, with 119 countries recording no deaths, the best result since 2007.Islamic State (IS) replaces the Taliban as the world’s deadliest terror group in 2021, with 15 deaths per attack in Niger.Myanmar had the largest rise in terrorism with deaths increasing 20 times to 521 deaths in 2021.The Sahel is home to the world’s fastest growing and most-deadly terrorist groups.Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 48% of global terrorism deaths.The US recorded its lowest score since 2012. Terrorism in the West declined substantially, with attacks falling by 68%.The Ukraine conflict is likely to drive a rise in traditional and cyber terrorism, reversing previous improvements in the region.Despite global terrorist attacks increasing to 5,226 in 2021, deaths declined slightly by 1.2%.Global Terrorism Index 2022: Sub-Saharan Africa emerges as global epicentre of terrorism, as global deaths decline